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What Are Icons?
Icon is a graphic interface element, a small picture, which represents an application, file, directory, operation system
component, device etc. When the user clicks the icon, a standard action is usually performed (run application, open file
etc.)
Icons were invented in 1970 in the Xerox Research Center in Palo Alto to make it easier for computer novices to interact
with the system.
As a rule, icons are square pictures of predefined standard size. In the Windows operating system, 16, 32 and 48-pixel
pictures are most widely used. In Windows Vista, 256x256 icons are popular. An application can have several icons of
different sizes.
Most modern operating systems and applications can assign icons by default. The icon for the application is standard; the
icon for the file depends on the file type (often the icon of the application, which works with this file is used).
Sometimes, icons for graphic files are made of the files themselves (i.e. a reduced copy of the original image). Some
advanced interfaces can do the same with non-graphic files (documents, presentations etc.). Not all icons are static. For
example, in the Windows system, the icon representing an internet connection visually shows whether there is a data
transfer in process, the icon for the task manager displays CPU usage etc.
Those icons, which are included in the operating system not always satisfy the users, that’s why many independent artists
and groups appeared, which specialize in the development of new icons – both individual icons and entire series containing
icons in a single style or theme.
Creating icons often require creating of an array of images of the same icon but with different number of pixels,
different views and for different operating systems.
Information
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