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Economic significance of overseas trade which speaks, with oneSpecial significance of this trade for financial interests of the new national
The states. Owing to the novelty overseas trade was absolutely It is opened for operation by means of taxes and granting of the trading Monopolies whereas domestic trade has been protected by the numerous
Charters or the political counteraction which was not allowing with such ease
To levy new taxes. Owing to it competing monarchy in struggle for the new
The earths used also military methods. But, despite dramatic character of the new
Colonial trade and its significance for the royal finance and international
Politicians, existed also others, not so dramatic sources of growth of the markets,
Volumes of long-distance trade, growth of cities and transport perfection.
Growth of the population and expansion of home markets
Growth of the population of the Western Europe was the major factor of augmentation of trade,
Rendered significant and deep effect on all aspects of the economic
Activity. According to the most diligent estimations, this growth has begun in
The late Middle Ages - since XI century, and to the beginning of XIV century the population has made
More than 70 million Co., 5
Million, Land Use
(New York, 1954). In book ColinClark Population Growth, 1977) the population of Europe in 1340 is evaluated in 84, 4 million (the river 64, Macmillan, The World's Food (New
York: Harper, the Estimation in 70 million is taken from: M. It Bennett, table III.i). and in 1600 in 83 Increasing population
Got into new, uninhabited areas, involved in a turn-over the new earths and as a whole
Promoted more intensive operation of the earths. There are bases to believe,
That growth rates of the population have started to be slowed down in the beginning of XIV century. p. 53, Population Growth, See
Discussion of it in: David Grigg and Agrarian Change: An
Historical Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press "1980).
Epidemic of a plague of 1347 in connection with several years of strong poor harvests and
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