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It is easier to understand a situation, short of practice by reflexion of principlesMercantilism (which have been developed on the basis of already developed practice), and
To see in it a vestige of feudalism and an element of struggle of monarchs for the right to impose
Taxes without the parliament consent. In a feudal society the right to trade Gave and confirmed charters of the corresponding seigneur. Fairs Existed owing to its mercy permission, and the right of guilds to employment Crafts had the same source. When the right to tax collection was challenged,
Sale of such charters was a source of means. Payments for their delivery could be
Disposable, in the form of regular taxes or mixed. Long time Taxes on were the major source of means for the British crown The trade monopolised by the merchant company in a wool. Thanks to that Members of ruling class participated in profits, strange enough practice The new national states, directed on simultaneous restriction Import and granting of exclusive trading privileges by the citizen,
Has played a considerable role in creation of the free merchant class which had the right -
Within the limits of numerous charters - to trade on own conditions.
It is important to notice that granting of monopolies had quite often for an object improvement
Possibilities for creation of new branches. In particular, England has turned from
The exporter of raw materials in the exporter of finished goods in a considerable part thanking
To that possibility of reception of exclusive privileges has involved in the country
Flemings and other immigrants. In 1331 exclusive advantages were
Are granted weavers, and then and many other things. According to Nortu and Thomas pp. 152 - 153, North and
Thomas, Rise of the Western World, at Elizabeth have been granted
55 patents for monopoly, including 21 patent - to foreigners or To naturalized immigrants.
Looking in centuries, it is hard to estimate the factors put in action by the certificate
Monopoly grantings. Thanks to it, in particular, the royal The governments turned to supporters of expansion of trade, not necessarily Basic, maybe, entirely from mercenary promptings. Trading Monopolies were something like the manual as though them have invented Specially that on a concrete example and quickly to show to the royal
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